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was the 50th emperor of Japan,〔Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō''): ( 桓武天皇 (50) ); retrieved 2013-8-22.〕 according to the traditional order of succession.〔Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). ("Etchū" ) in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 464; Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' pp. 61–62.〕 Kanmu reigned from 781 to 806.〔Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ; Brown, Delmer M. ( ''Gukanshō,'' pp. 277–279 ); Varley, H. Paul. ''Jinnō Shōtōki,'' pp. 148–150.〕 ==Traditional narrative== Kanmu's personal name (''imina'') was .〔(Brown, p. 277 ).〕 He was the eldest son of Prince Shirakabe (later known as Emperor Kōnin), and was born prior to Shirakabe's ascension to the throne.〔Titsingh, ; Varley, p. 149.〕 According to the , Yamabe's mother, Yamato no Niigasa (later called Takano no Niigasa), was a 10th generation descendant of Muryeong of Baekje.〔Watts, Jonathan. ( "The emperor's new roots: The Japanese emperor has finally laid to rest rumours that he has Korean blood, by admitting that it is true," ) ''The Guardian'' (London). December 28, 2001.〕 After his father became emperor, Kanmu's half-brother, Prince Osabe was appointed to the rank of crown prince. His mother was Princess Inoe, a daughter of Emperor Shōmu; but instead of Osabe, it was Kanmu who was later named to succeed their father. After Inoe and Prince Osabe were confined and then died in 775, Osabe's sister – Kanmu's half-sister Princess Sakahito – became Kanmu's wife. Later, when he ascended to the throne in 781, Kanmu appointed his young brother, Prince Sawara, whose mother was Takano no Niigasa, as crown prince. Hikami no Kawatsugu, a son of Emperor Temmu's grandson Prince Shioyaki and Shōmu's daughter Fuwa, attempted to carry out a coup d'état in 782, but it failed and Kawatsugu and his mother were sent into exile. In 785 Sawara was expelled and died in exile. Kanmu had 16 empresses and consorts, and 32 imperial sons and daughters.〔 Among them, three sons would eventually ascend to the imperial throne: Emperor Heizei, Emperor Saga and Emperor Junna. Some of his descendants (known as the ''Kanmu Taira'' or ''Kanmu Heishi'') took the Taira hereditary clan title, and in later generations became prominent warriors. Examples include Taira no Masakado, Taira no Kiyomori, and (with a further surname expansion) the Hōjō clan. The ''waka'' poet Ariwara no Narihira was one of his grandsons. Kanmu is traditionally venerated at his tomb; the Imperial Household Agency designates , in Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, as the location of Kanmu's mausoleum.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Emperor Kanmu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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